The process by which the media present to us the ‘real world’ Rayner How to Read a Film, James Monaco: “Anyone can watch a film but to make sense
of it we must learn to comprehend the visual images with which we are
presented.” Mediation: How a media text represents an
idea Encodingà Messages constructed into productsDecodingà Messages read by audiences. Stereotyping A process of simplification.A short cut for media producers to reproduce
certain identities and ideas. Alternative representations in the media can be interesting as it brings
new ideas to an audience. Character roles and making narrative meaning and deeper messages and
values. Representation of era, genre, location can all be examined.How did you make the era clear?How did location aid genre and
narrative?
“The way in which a story is told
(fiction or non-fiction)” Media Studies
An Essential Introduction (Rayner) Todorov : 3 Act structure
Equilibrium à Disruption à
New Equilibrium Levi-Strauss: Binary
Opposites can be used to tell a story – opposite events and actions enable
a story to develop. Propp’s character roles:Applied to
film, updated roles for characters to perform to act out the narrative. Barthes: Narrative codes: Engimas
to pleasurably delay the ending, Action
codes to speed up events, Symbolic
codes to make meaning and Cultural
codes to add depth to events (Cultural awareness further informs audiences) Contemporary narrative à
Shark Model (Eejit’s Guide to Filmmaking
– hook audiences in with an instant bite) Twist ending often used in short films. Anti-narrative, non chronological order, circular narrative (as the name
implies we go round in a circle) Narrative devices:Helping to tell
a story: Mise-en-scene informs us about people and places and events, short
cut devices. Editing transitions can be read in certain ways (fade to black end of a
moment progress to new time, dissolve – pass the time – same or linked events
or to indicate a dream or thoughts, fade to white often suggests a flashback) Sound can help to tell a story – Non-diegetic music can set the mood, the
tone, indicate something about the situation. Voice over can tell the story – but from a particular perspective
to alter how the audience respond to the story. (Objective, subjective), Script
/ dialogue aids narrative. Superimposed titles can also anchor instant meanings to visuals.